[Proximity]

HOW IT WORKS: Spatial closeness creates visual relationships. Users automatically associate items that are near, helping reduce cognitive effort when scanning and interpreting interfaces.

IN UX/UI/AI DESIGN: UX, UI, and AIX designers use grouping to clarify structure, such as menus, lists, and content cards. AI can dynamically adjust layouts, clustering related items based on usage patterns.

EXAMPLE: A dashboard groups related statistics together, while GenAI adapts card placement based on user interaction frequency to enhance comprehension.