In contrast to a centralized database, a Distributed Ledger Technology does not require a central administrator, and consequently does not have a single (central) point-of-failure.

DLT consensus algorithm types include proof-of-work (PoW) and proof-of-stake (PoS) algorithms and DAG consensus-building and voting algorithms.

DLTs are generally either permissioned (private) or permissionless (public). PoW cryptocurrencies are generally either 'mined' or 'non-mined', where the latter typically indicates 'pre-mined' cryptocurrencies, such as XRP or IOTA. PoS cryptocurrencies do not use miners, instead usually relying on validation among owners of the cryptocurrency, such as Cardano or Solana.

Human-implanted chips, typically rice-sized devices, are subdermally injected—usually between the thumb and forefinger—to serve as digital keys, payment methods, or personal identification now with embedded ledgers [DLTs].

RFID/NFC: These chips operate on radio-frequency identification [RFID] or near-field communication [NFC] technologies, requiring no battery and functioning when close to a reader.

These technologies have one need in common: an extreme need –and search, for an efficient User Interface and User Experience all combined in high speed and responsiveness while ultra-portable.